"""
Manage X509 certificates

.. versionadded:: 2015.8.0

:depends: M2Crypto

"""

import ast
import ctypes
import datetime
import glob
import hashlib
import logging
import os
import random
import re
import sys
import tempfile

import salt.exceptions
import salt.utils.data
import salt.utils.files
import salt.utils.path
import salt.utils.platform
import salt.utils.stringutils
from salt.state import STATE_INTERNAL_KEYWORDS as _STATE_INTERNAL_KEYWORDS
from salt.utils.odict import OrderedDict

try:
    import M2Crypto

    HAS_M2 = True
except ImportError:
    HAS_M2 = False
try:
    import OpenSSL

    HAS_OPENSSL = True
except ImportError:
    HAS_OPENSSL = False

__virtualname__ = "x509"

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

EXT_NAME_MAPPINGS = OrderedDict(
    [
        ("basicConstraints", "X509v3 Basic Constraints"),
        ("keyUsage", "X509v3 Key Usage"),
        ("extendedKeyUsage", "X509v3 Extended Key Usage"),
        ("subjectKeyIdentifier", "X509v3 Subject Key Identifier"),
        ("authorityKeyIdentifier", "X509v3 Authority Key Identifier"),
        ("issuserAltName", "X509v3 Issuer Alternative Name"),
        ("authorityInfoAccess", "X509v3 Authority Info Access"),
        ("subjectAltName", "X509v3 Subject Alternative Name"),
        ("crlDistributionPoints", "X509v3 CRL Distribution Points"),
        ("issuingDistributionPoint", "X509v3 Issuing Distribution Point"),
        ("certificatePolicies", "X509v3 Certificate Policies"),
        ("policyConstraints", "X509v3 Policy Constraints"),
        ("inhibitAnyPolicy", "X509v3 Inhibit Any Policy"),
        ("nameConstraints", "X509v3 Name Constraints"),
        ("noCheck", "X509v3 OCSP No Check"),
        ("nsComment", "Netscape Comment"),
        ("nsCertType", "Netscape Certificate Type"),
    ]
)

CERT_DEFAULTS = {
    "days_valid": 365,
    "version": 3,
    "serial_bits": 64,
    "algorithm": "sha256",
}


def __virtual__():
    """
    only load this module if m2crypto is available
    """
    if HAS_M2:
        return __virtualname__
    else:
        return (False, "Could not load x509 module, m2crypto unavailable")


class _Ctx(ctypes.Structure):
    """
    This is part of an ugly hack to fix an ancient bug in M2Crypto
    https://bugzilla.osafoundation.org/show_bug.cgi?id=7530#c13
    """

    _fields_ = [
        ("flags", ctypes.c_int),
        ("issuer_cert", ctypes.c_void_p),
        ("subject_cert", ctypes.c_void_p),
        ("subject_req", ctypes.c_void_p),
        ("crl", ctypes.c_void_p),
        ("db_meth", ctypes.c_void_p),
        ("db", ctypes.c_void_p),
    ]


def _fix_ctx(m2_ctx, issuer=None):
    """
    This is part of an ugly hack to fix an ancient bug in M2Crypto
    https://bugzilla.osafoundation.org/show_bug.cgi?id=7530#c13
    """
    ctx = _Ctx.from_address(int(m2_ctx))

    ctx.flags = 0
    ctx.subject_cert = None
    ctx.subject_req = None
    ctx.crl = None
    if issuer is None:
        ctx.issuer_cert = None
    else:
        ctx.issuer_cert = int(issuer.x509)


def _new_extension(name, value, critical=0, issuer=None, _pyfree=1):
    """
    Create new X509_Extension, this is required because M2Crypto
    doesn't support getting the publickeyidentifier from the issuer
    to create the authoritykeyidentifier extension.
    """
    if name == "subjectKeyIdentifier" and value.strip("0123456789abcdefABCDEF:") != "":
        raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError("value must be precomputed hash")

    # ensure name and value are bytes
    name = salt.utils.stringutils.to_str(name)
    value = salt.utils.stringutils.to_str(value)

    try:
        ctx = M2Crypto.m2.x509v3_set_nconf()
        _fix_ctx(ctx, issuer)
        if ctx is None:
            raise MemoryError("Not enough memory when creating a new X509 extension")
        x509_ext_ptr = M2Crypto.m2.x509v3_ext_conf(None, ctx, name, value)
        lhash = None
    except AttributeError:
        lhash = M2Crypto.m2.x509v3_lhash()
        ctx = M2Crypto.m2.x509v3_set_conf_lhash(lhash)
        # ctx not zeroed
        _fix_ctx(ctx, issuer)
        x509_ext_ptr = M2Crypto.m2.x509v3_ext_conf(lhash, ctx, name, value)
    # ctx,lhash freed

    if x509_ext_ptr is None:
        raise M2Crypto.X509.X509Error(
            "Cannot create X509_Extension with name '{}' and value '{}'".format(
                name, value
            )
        )
    x509_ext = M2Crypto.X509.X509_Extension(x509_ext_ptr, _pyfree)
    x509_ext.set_critical(critical)
    return x509_ext


# The next four functions are more hacks because M2Crypto doesn't support
# getting Extensions from CSRs.
# https://github.com/martinpaljak/M2Crypto/issues/63
def _parse_openssl_req(csr_filename):
    """
    Parses openssl command line output, this is a workaround for M2Crypto's
    inability to get them from CSR objects.
    """
    if not salt.utils.path.which("openssl"):
        raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError("openssl binary not found in path")
    cmd = "openssl req -text -noout -in {}".format(csr_filename)

    output = __salt__["cmd.run_stdout"](cmd)

    output = re.sub(r": rsaEncryption", ":", output)
    output = re.sub(r"[0-9a-f]{2}:", "", output)

    return salt.utils.data.decode(salt.utils.yaml.safe_load(output))


def _get_csr_extensions(csr):
    """
    Returns a list of dicts containing the name, value and critical value of
    any extension contained in a csr object.
    """
    ret = OrderedDict()

    csrtempfile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=True)
    csrtempfile.write(csr.as_pem())
    csrtempfile.flush()
    csryaml = _parse_openssl_req(csrtempfile.name)
    csrtempfile.close()
    if csryaml and "Requested Extensions" in csryaml["Certificate Request"]["Data"]:
        csrexts = csryaml["Certificate Request"]["Data"]["Requested Extensions"]

        if not csrexts:
            return ret

        for short_name, long_name in EXT_NAME_MAPPINGS.items():
            if csrexts and long_name in csrexts:
                ret[short_name] = csrexts[long_name]

    return ret


# None of python libraries read CRLs. Again have to hack it with the openssl CLI
def _parse_openssl_crl(crl_filename):
    """
    Parses openssl command line output, this is a workaround for M2Crypto's
    inability to get them from CSR objects.
    """
    if not salt.utils.path.which("openssl"):
        raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError("openssl binary not found in path")
    cmd = "openssl crl -text -noout -in {}".format(crl_filename)

    output = __salt__["cmd.run_stdout"](cmd)

    crl = {}
    for line in output.split("\n"):
        line = line.strip()
        if line.startswith("Version "):
            crl["Version"] = line.replace("Version ", "")
        if line.startswith("Signature Algorithm: "):
            crl["Signature Algorithm"] = line.replace("Signature Algorithm: ", "")
        if line.startswith("Issuer: "):
            line = line.replace("Issuer: ", "")
            subject = {}
            for sub_entry in line.split("/"):
                if "=" in sub_entry:
                    sub_entry = sub_entry.split("=")
                    subject[sub_entry[0]] = sub_entry[1]
            crl["Issuer"] = subject
        if line.startswith("Last Update: "):
            crl["Last Update"] = line.replace("Last Update: ", "")
            last_update = datetime.datetime.strptime(
                crl["Last Update"], "%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y %Z"
            )
            crl["Last Update"] = last_update.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        if line.startswith("Next Update: "):
            crl["Next Update"] = line.replace("Next Update: ", "")
            next_update = datetime.datetime.strptime(
                crl["Next Update"], "%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y %Z"
            )
            crl["Next Update"] = next_update.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        if line.startswith("Revoked Certificates:"):
            break

    if "No Revoked Certificates." in output:
        crl["Revoked Certificates"] = []
        return crl

    output = output.split("Revoked Certificates:")[1]
    output = output.split("Signature Algorithm:")[0]

    rev = []
    for revoked in output.split("Serial Number: "):
        if not revoked.strip():
            continue

        rev_sn = revoked.split("\n")[0].strip()
        revoked = rev_sn + ":\n" + "\n".join(revoked.split("\n")[1:])
        rev_yaml = salt.utils.data.decode(salt.utils.yaml.safe_load(revoked))
        for rev_values in rev_yaml.values():
            if "Revocation Date" in rev_values:
                rev_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(
                    rev_values["Revocation Date"], "%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y %Z"
                )
                rev_values["Revocation Date"] = rev_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

        rev.append(rev_yaml)

    crl["Revoked Certificates"] = rev

    return crl


def _get_signing_policy(name):
    policies = __salt__["pillar.get"]("x509_signing_policies", None)
    if policies:
        signing_policy = policies.get(name)
        if signing_policy:
            return signing_policy
    return __salt__["config.get"]("x509_signing_policies", {}).get(name)


def _pretty_hex(hex_str):
    """
    Nicely formats hex strings
    """
    if len(hex_str) % 2 != 0:
        hex_str = "0" + hex_str
    return ":".join([hex_str[i : i + 2] for i in range(0, len(hex_str), 2)]).upper()


def _dec2hex(decval):
    """
    Converts decimal values to nicely formatted hex strings
    """
    return _pretty_hex("{:X}".format(decval))


def _isfile(path):
    """
    A wrapper around os.path.isfile that ignores ValueError exceptions which
    can be raised if the input to isfile is too long.
    """
    try:
        return os.path.isfile(path)
    except ValueError:
        pass
    return False


def _text_or_file(input_):
    """
    Determines if input is a path to a file, or a string with the
    content to be parsed.
    """
    if _isfile(input_):
        with salt.utils.files.fopen(input_) as fp_:
            return salt.utils.stringutils.to_str(fp_.read())
    else:
        return salt.utils.stringutils.to_str(input_)


def _parse_subject(subject):
    """
    Returns a dict containing all values in an X509 Subject
    """
    ret = OrderedDict()
    nids = []
    ret_list = []
    for nid_name, nid_num in subject.nid.items():
        if nid_num in nids:
            continue
        try:
            val = getattr(subject, nid_name)
            if val:
                ret_list.append((nid_num, nid_name, val))
                nids.append(nid_num)
        except TypeError as err:
            log.trace("Missing attribute '%s'. Error: %s", nid_name, err)
    for nid_num, nid_name, val in sorted(ret_list):
        ret[nid_name] = val
    return ret


def _get_certificate_obj(cert):
    """
    Returns a certificate object based on PEM text.
    """
    if isinstance(cert, M2Crypto.X509.X509):
        return cert
    text = _text_or_file(cert)
    text = get_pem_entry(text, pem_type="CERTIFICATE")
    return M2Crypto.X509.load_cert_string(text)


def _get_private_key_obj(private_key, passphrase=None):
    """
    Returns a private key object based on PEM text.
    """
    private_key = _text_or_file(private_key)
    private_key = get_pem_entry(private_key, pem_type="(?:RSA )?PRIVATE KEY")
    rsaprivkey = M2Crypto.RSA.load_key_string(
        private_key, callback=_passphrase_callback(passphrase)
    )
    evpprivkey = M2Crypto.EVP.PKey()
    evpprivkey.assign_rsa(rsaprivkey)
    return evpprivkey


def _passphrase_callback(passphrase):
    """
    Returns a callback function used to supply a passphrase for private keys
    """

    def f(*args):
        return salt.utils.stringutils.to_bytes(passphrase)

    return f


def _get_request_obj(csr):
    """
    Returns a CSR object based on PEM text.
    """
    text = _text_or_file(csr)
    text = get_pem_entry(text, pem_type="CERTIFICATE REQUEST")
    return M2Crypto.X509.load_request_string(text)


def _get_pubkey_hash(cert):
    """
    Returns the sha1 hash of the modulus of a public key in a cert
    Used for generating subject key identifiers
    """
    sha_hash = hashlib.sha1(cert.get_pubkey().get_modulus()).hexdigest()
    return _pretty_hex(sha_hash)


def _keygen_callback():
    """
    Replacement keygen callback function which silences the output
    sent to stdout by the default keygen function
    """
    return


def _make_regex(pem_type):
    """
    Dynamically generate a regex to match pem_type
    """
    return re.compile(
        r"\s*(?P<pem_header>-----BEGIN {0}-----)\s+"
        r"(?:(?P<proc_type>Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED)\s*)?"
        r"(?:(?P<dek_info>DEK-Info:"
        r" (?:DES-[3A-Z\-]+,[0-9A-F]{{16}}|[0-9A-Z\-]+,[0-9A-F]{{32}}))\s*)?"
        r"(?P<pem_body>.+?)\s+(?P<pem_footer>"
        r"-----END {0}-----)\s*".format(pem_type),
        re.DOTALL,
    )


def _valid_pem(pem, pem_type=None):
    pem_type = "[0-9A-Z ]+" if pem_type is None else pem_type
    _dregex = _make_regex(pem_type)
    for _match in _dregex.finditer(pem):
        if _match:
            return _match
    return None


def _match_minions(test, minion):
    if "@" in test:
        match = __salt__["publish.publish"](tgt=minion, fun="match.compound", arg=test)
        return match.get(minion, False)
    else:
        return __salt__["match.glob"](test, minion)


def get_pem_entry(text, pem_type=None):
    """
    Returns a properly formatted PEM string from the input text fixing
    any whitespace or line-break issues

    text:
        Text containing the X509 PEM entry to be returned or path to
        a file containing the text.

    pem_type:
        If specified, this function will only return a pem of a certain type,
        for example 'CERTIFICATE' or 'CERTIFICATE REQUEST'.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.get_pem_entry "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----MIICyzCC Ar8CAQI...-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST"
    """
    text = _text_or_file(text)
    # Replace encoded newlines
    text = text.replace("\\n", "\n")

    if (
        len(text.splitlines()) == 1
        and text.startswith("-----")
        and text.endswith("-----")
    ):
        # mine.get returns the PEM on a single line, we fix this
        pem_fixed = []
        pem_temp = text
        while len(pem_temp) > 0:
            if pem_temp.startswith("-----"):
                # Grab ----(.*)---- blocks
                pem_fixed.append(pem_temp[: pem_temp.index("-----", 5) + 5])
                pem_temp = pem_temp[pem_temp.index("-----", 5) + 5 :]
            else:
                # grab base64 chunks
                if pem_temp[:64].count("-") == 0:
                    pem_fixed.append(pem_temp[:64])
                    pem_temp = pem_temp[64:]
                else:
                    pem_fixed.append(pem_temp[: pem_temp.index("-")])
                    pem_temp = pem_temp[pem_temp.index("-") :]
        text = "\n".join(pem_fixed)

    errmsg = "PEM text not valid:\n{}".format(text)
    if pem_type:
        errmsg = "PEM does not contain a single entry of type {}:\n{}".format(
            pem_type, text
        )

    _match = _valid_pem(text, pem_type)
    if not _match:
        raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError(errmsg)

    _match_dict = _match.groupdict()
    pem_header = _match_dict["pem_header"]
    proc_type = _match_dict["proc_type"]
    dek_info = _match_dict["dek_info"]
    pem_footer = _match_dict["pem_footer"]
    pem_body = _match_dict["pem_body"]

    # Remove all whitespace from body
    pem_body = "".join(pem_body.split())

    # Generate correctly formatted pem
    ret = pem_header + "\n"
    if proc_type:
        ret += proc_type + "\n"
    if dek_info:
        ret += dek_info + "\n" + "\n"
    for i in range(0, len(pem_body), 64):
        ret += pem_body[i : i + 64] + "\n"
    ret += pem_footer + "\n"

    return salt.utils.stringutils.to_bytes(ret, encoding="ascii")


def get_pem_entries(glob_path):
    """
    Returns a dict containing PEM entries in files matching a glob

    glob_path:
        A path to certificates to be read and returned.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.get_pem_entries "/etc/pki/*.crt"
    """
    ret = {}

    for path in glob.glob(glob_path):
        if os.path.isfile(path):
            try:
                ret[path] = get_pem_entry(text=path)
            except ValueError:
                pass

    return ret


def read_certificate(certificate):
    """
    Returns a dict containing details of a certificate. Input can be a PEM
    string or file path.

    certificate:
        The certificate to be read. Can be a path to a certificate file, or
        a string containing the PEM formatted text of the certificate.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.read_certificate /etc/pki/mycert.crt
    """
    cert = _get_certificate_obj(certificate)

    ret = {
        # X509 Version 3 has a value of 2 in the field.
        # Version 2 has a value of 1.
        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.1
        "Version": cert.get_version() + 1,
        # Get size returns in bytes. The world thinks of key sizes in bits.
        "Key Size": cert.get_pubkey().size() * 8,
        "Serial Number": _dec2hex(cert.get_serial_number()),
        "SHA-256 Finger Print": _pretty_hex(cert.get_fingerprint(md="sha256")),
        "SHA1 Finger Print": _pretty_hex(cert.get_fingerprint(md="sha1")),
        "Subject": _parse_subject(cert.get_subject()),
        "Subject Hash": _dec2hex(cert.get_subject().as_hash()),
        "Issuer": _parse_subject(cert.get_issuer()),
        "Issuer Hash": _dec2hex(cert.get_issuer().as_hash()),
        "Not Before": cert.get_not_before()
        .get_datetime()
        .strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
        "Not After": cert.get_not_after().get_datetime().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
        "Public Key": get_public_key(cert),
    }
    if __opts__["fips_mode"] is False:
        ret["MD5 Finger Print"] = _pretty_hex(cert.get_fingerprint(md="md5"))
    exts = OrderedDict()
    for ext_index in range(0, cert.get_ext_count()):
        ext = cert.get_ext_at(ext_index)
        name = ext.get_name()
        val = ext.get_value()
        if ext.get_critical():
            val = "critical " + val
        exts[name] = val

    if exts:
        ret["X509v3 Extensions"] = exts

    return ret


def read_certificates(glob_path):
    """
    Returns a dict containing details of all certificates matching a glob

    glob_path:
        A path to certificates to be read and returned.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.read_certificates "/etc/pki/*.crt"
    """
    ret = {}

    for path in glob.glob(glob_path):
        if os.path.isfile(path):
            try:
                ret[path] = read_certificate(certificate=path)
            except ValueError:
                pass

    return ret


def read_csr(csr):
    """
    Returns a dict containing details of a certificate request.

    :depends:   - OpenSSL command line tool

    csr:
        A path or PEM encoded string containing the CSR to read.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.read_csr /etc/pki/mycert.csr
    """
    csr = _get_request_obj(csr)
    ret = {
        # X509 Version 3 has a value of 2 in the field.
        # Version 2 has a value of 1.
        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.1
        "Version": csr.get_version() + 1,
        # Get size returns in bytes. The world thinks of key sizes in bits.
        "Subject": _parse_subject(csr.get_subject()),
        "Subject Hash": _dec2hex(csr.get_subject().as_hash()),
        "Public Key Hash": hashlib.sha1(csr.get_pubkey().get_modulus()).hexdigest(),
    }

    ret["X509v3 Extensions"] = _get_csr_extensions(csr)

    return ret


def read_crl(crl):
    """
    Returns a dict containing details of a certificate revocation list.
    Input can be a PEM string or file path.

    :depends:   - OpenSSL command line tool

    crl:
        A path or PEM encoded string containing the CRL to read.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.read_crl /etc/pki/mycrl.crl
    """
    text = _text_or_file(crl)
    text = get_pem_entry(text, pem_type="X509 CRL")

    crltempfile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=True)
    crltempfile.write(salt.utils.stringutils.to_bytes(text, encoding="ascii"))
    crltempfile.flush()
    crlparsed = _parse_openssl_crl(crltempfile.name)
    crltempfile.close()

    return crlparsed


def get_public_key(key, passphrase=None, asObj=False):
    """
    Returns a string containing the public key in PEM format.

    key:
        A path or PEM encoded string containing a CSR, Certificate or
        Private Key from which a public key can be retrieved.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.get_public_key /etc/pki/mycert.cer
    """

    if isinstance(key, M2Crypto.X509.X509):
        rsa = key.get_pubkey().get_rsa()
        text = b""
    else:
        text = _text_or_file(key)
        text = get_pem_entry(text)

    if text.startswith(b"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----"):
        if not asObj:
            return text
        bio = M2Crypto.BIO.MemoryBuffer()
        bio.write(text)
        rsa = M2Crypto.RSA.load_pub_key_bio(bio)

    bio = M2Crypto.BIO.MemoryBuffer()
    if text.startswith(b"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----"):
        cert = M2Crypto.X509.load_cert_string(text)
        rsa = cert.get_pubkey().get_rsa()
    if text.startswith(b"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----"):
        csr = M2Crypto.X509.load_request_string(text)
        rsa = csr.get_pubkey().get_rsa()
    if text.startswith(b"-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----") or text.startswith(
        b"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"
    ):
        rsa = M2Crypto.RSA.load_key_string(
            text, callback=_passphrase_callback(passphrase)
        )

    if asObj:
        evppubkey = M2Crypto.EVP.PKey()
        evppubkey.assign_rsa(rsa)
        return evppubkey

    rsa.save_pub_key_bio(bio)
    return bio.read_all()


def get_private_key_size(private_key, passphrase=None):
    """
    Returns the bit length of a private key in PEM format.

    private_key:
        A path or PEM encoded string containing a private key.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.get_private_key_size /etc/pki/mycert.key
    """
    return _get_private_key_obj(private_key, passphrase).size() * 8


def write_pem(text, path, overwrite=True, pem_type=None):
    """
    Writes out a PEM string fixing any formatting or whitespace
    issues before writing.

    text:
        PEM string input to be written out.

    path:
        Path of the file to write the PEM out to.

    overwrite:
        If ``True`` (default), write_pem will overwrite the entire PEM file.
        Set False to preserve existing private keys and dh params that may
        exist in the PEM file.

    pem_type:
        The PEM type to be saved, for example ``CERTIFICATE`` or
        ``PUBLIC KEY``. Adding this will allow the function to take
        input that may contain multiple PEM types.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.write_pem "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----MIIGMzCCBBugA..." path=/etc/pki/mycert.crt
    """
    text = get_pem_entry(text, pem_type=pem_type)
    with salt.utils.files.set_umask(0o077):
        _dhparams = ""
        _private_key = ""
        if (
            pem_type
            and pem_type == "CERTIFICATE"
            and os.path.isfile(path)
            and not overwrite
        ):
            _filecontents = _text_or_file(path)
            try:
                _dhparams = get_pem_entry(_filecontents, "DH PARAMETERS")
            except salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError as err:
                log.debug("Error when getting DH PARAMETERS: %s", err)
                log.trace(err, exc_info=err)
            try:
                _private_key = get_pem_entry(_filecontents, "(?:RSA )?PRIVATE KEY")
            except salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError as err:
                log.debug("Error when getting PRIVATE KEY: %s", err)
                log.trace(err, exc_info=err)
        with salt.utils.files.fopen(path, "w") as _fp:
            if pem_type and pem_type == "CERTIFICATE" and _private_key:
                _fp.write(salt.utils.stringutils.to_str(_private_key))
            _fp.write(salt.utils.stringutils.to_str(text))
            if pem_type and pem_type == "CERTIFICATE" and _dhparams:
                _fp.write(salt.utils.stringutils.to_str(_dhparams))
    return "PEM written to {}".format(path)


def create_private_key(
    path=None,
    text=False,
    bits=2048,
    passphrase=None,
    cipher="aes_128_cbc",
    verbose=True,
):
    """
    Creates a private key in PEM format.

    path:
        The path to write the file to, either ``path`` or ``text``
        are required.

    text:
        If ``True``, return the PEM text without writing to a file.
        Default ``False``.

    bits:
        Length of the private key in bits. Default 2048

    passphrase:
        Passphrase for encrypting the private key

    cipher:
        Cipher for encrypting the private key. Has no effect if passphrase is None.

    verbose:
        Provide visual feedback on stdout. Default True

        .. versionadded:: 2016.11.0

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.create_private_key path=/etc/pki/mykey.key
    """
    if not path and not text:
        raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError(
            "Either path or text must be specified."
        )
    if path and text:
        raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError(
            "Either path or text must be specified, not both."
        )

    if verbose:
        _callback_func = M2Crypto.RSA.keygen_callback
    else:
        _callback_func = _keygen_callback

    rsa = M2Crypto.RSA.gen_key(bits, M2Crypto.m2.RSA_F4, _callback_func)
    bio = M2Crypto.BIO.MemoryBuffer()
    if passphrase is None:
        cipher = None
    rsa.save_key_bio(bio, cipher=cipher, callback=_passphrase_callback(passphrase))

    if path:
        return write_pem(
            text=bio.read_all(), path=path, pem_type="(?:RSA )?PRIVATE KEY"
        )
    else:
        return salt.utils.stringutils.to_str(bio.read_all())


def create_crl(
    path=None,
    text=False,
    signing_private_key=None,
    signing_private_key_passphrase=None,
    signing_cert=None,
    revoked=None,
    include_expired=False,
    days_valid=100,
    digest="",
):
    r"""
    Create a CRL

    :depends:   - PyOpenSSL Python module

    path:
        Path to write the CRL to.

    text:
        If ``True``, return the PEM text without writing to a file.
        Default ``False``.

    signing_private_key:
        A path or string of the private key in PEM format that will be used
        to sign the CRL. This is required.

    signing_private_key_passphrase:
        Passphrase to decrypt the private key.

    signing_cert:
        A certificate matching the private key that will be used to sign
        the CRL. This is required.

    revoked:
        A list of dicts containing all the certificates to revoke. Each dict
        represents one certificate. A dict must contain either the key
        ``serial_number`` with the value of the serial number to revoke, or
        ``certificate`` with either the PEM encoded text of the certificate,
        or a path to the certificate to revoke.

        The dict can optionally contain the ``revocation_date`` key. If this
        key is omitted the revocation date will be set to now. If should be a
        string in the format "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S".

        The dict can also optionally contain the ``not_after`` key. This is
        redundant if the ``certificate`` key is included. If the
        ``Certificate`` key is not included, this can be used for the logic
        behind the ``include_expired`` parameter. If should be a string in
        the format "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S".

        The dict can also optionally contain the ``reason`` key. This is the
        reason code for the revocation. Available choices are ``unspecified``,
        ``keyCompromise``, ``CACompromise``, ``affiliationChanged``,
        ``superseded``, ``cessationOfOperation`` and ``certificateHold``.

    include_expired:
        Include expired certificates in the CRL. Default is ``False``.

    days_valid:
        The number of days that the CRL should be valid. This sets the Next
        Update field in the CRL.

    digest:
        The digest to use for signing the CRL.
        This has no effect on versions of pyOpenSSL less than 0.14

    .. note

        At this time the pyOpenSSL library does not allow choosing a signing
        algorithm for CRLs See https://github.com/pyca/pyopenssl/issues/159

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.create_crl path=/etc/pki/mykey.key \
                signing_private_key=/etc/pki/ca.key \
                signing_cert=/etc/pki/ca.crt \
                revoked="{'compromized-web-key': {'certificate': '/etc/pki/certs/www1.crt', 'revocation_date': '2015-03-01 00:00:00'}}"
    """
    # pyOpenSSL is required for dealing with CSLs. Importing inside these
    # functions because Client operations like creating CRLs shouldn't require
    # pyOpenSSL Note due to current limitations in pyOpenSSL it is impossible
    # to specify a digest For signing the CRL. This will hopefully be fixed
    # soon: https://github.com/pyca/pyopenssl/pull/161
    if not HAS_OPENSSL:
        raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError(
            "Could not load OpenSSL module, OpenSSL unavailable"
        )
    crl = OpenSSL.crypto.CRL()

    if revoked is None:
        revoked = []

    for rev_item in revoked:
        if "certificate" in rev_item:
            rev_cert = read_certificate(rev_item["certificate"])
            rev_item["serial_number"] = rev_cert["Serial Number"]
            rev_item["not_after"] = rev_cert["Not After"]

        serial_number = rev_item["serial_number"].replace(":", "")
        # OpenSSL bindings requires this to be a non-unicode string
        serial_number = salt.utils.stringutils.to_bytes(serial_number)

        if "not_after" in rev_item and not include_expired:
            not_after = datetime.datetime.strptime(
                rev_item["not_after"], "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
            )
            if datetime.datetime.now() > not_after:
                continue

        if "revocation_date" not in rev_item:
            rev_item["revocation_date"] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime(
                "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
            )

        rev_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(
            rev_item["revocation_date"], "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
        )
        rev_date = rev_date.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ")
        rev_date = salt.utils.stringutils.to_bytes(rev_date)

        rev = OpenSSL.crypto.Revoked()
        rev.set_serial(salt.utils.stringutils.to_bytes(serial_number))
        rev.set_rev_date(salt.utils.stringutils.to_bytes(rev_date))

        if "reason" in rev_item:
            # Same here for OpenSSL bindings and non-unicode strings
            reason = salt.utils.stringutils.to_bytes(rev_item["reason"])
            rev.set_reason(reason)

        crl.add_revoked(rev)

    signing_cert = _text_or_file(signing_cert)
    cert = OpenSSL.crypto.load_certificate(
        OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, get_pem_entry(signing_cert, pem_type="CERTIFICATE")
    )
    signing_private_key = _get_private_key_obj(
        signing_private_key, passphrase=signing_private_key_passphrase
    ).as_pem(cipher=None)
    key = OpenSSL.crypto.load_privatekey(
        OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, get_pem_entry(signing_private_key)
    )

    export_kwargs = {
        "cert": cert,
        "key": key,
        "type": OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM,
        "days": days_valid,
    }
    if digest:
        export_kwargs["digest"] = salt.utils.stringutils.to_bytes(digest)
    else:
        log.warning("No digest specified. The default md5 digest will be used.")

    try:
        crltext = crl.export(**export_kwargs)
    except (TypeError, ValueError):
        log.warning(
            "Error signing crl with specified digest. Are you using "
            "pyopenssl 0.15 or newer? The default md5 digest will be used."
        )
        export_kwargs.pop("digest", None)
        crltext = crl.export(**export_kwargs)

    if text:
        return crltext

    return write_pem(text=crltext, path=path, pem_type="X509 CRL")


def sign_remote_certificate(argdic, **kwargs):
    """
    Request a certificate to be remotely signed according to a signing policy.

    argdic:
        A dict containing all the arguments to be passed into the
        create_certificate function. This will become kwargs when passed
        to create_certificate.

    kwargs:
        kwargs delivered from publish.publish

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.sign_remote_certificate argdic="{'public_key': '/etc/pki/www.key', 'signing_policy': 'www'}" __pub_id='www1'
    """
    if "signing_policy" not in argdic:
        return "signing_policy must be specified"

    if not isinstance(argdic, dict):
        argdic = ast.literal_eval(argdic)

    signing_policy = {}
    if "signing_policy" in argdic:
        signing_policy = _get_signing_policy(argdic["signing_policy"])
        if not signing_policy:
            return "Signing policy {} does not exist.".format(argdic["signing_policy"])

        if isinstance(signing_policy, list):
            dict_ = {}
            for item in signing_policy:
                dict_.update(item)
            signing_policy = dict_

    if "minions" in signing_policy:
        if "__pub_id" not in kwargs:
            return "minion sending this request could not be identified"
        if not _match_minions(signing_policy["minions"], kwargs["__pub_id"]):
            return "{} not permitted to use signing policy {}".format(
                kwargs["__pub_id"], argdic["signing_policy"]
            )

    try:
        return create_certificate(path=None, text=True, **argdic)
    except Exception as except_:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
        return str(except_)


def get_signing_policy(signing_policy_name):
    """
    Returns the details of a names signing policy, including the text of
    the public key that will be used to sign it. Does not return the
    private key.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.get_signing_policy www
    """
    signing_policy = _get_signing_policy(signing_policy_name)
    if not signing_policy:
        return "Signing policy {} does not exist.".format(signing_policy_name)
    if isinstance(signing_policy, list):
        dict_ = {}
        for item in signing_policy:
            dict_.update(item)
        signing_policy = dict_

    try:
        del signing_policy["signing_private_key"]
    except KeyError:
        pass

    try:
        signing_policy["signing_cert"] = get_pem_entry(
            signing_policy["signing_cert"], "CERTIFICATE"
        )
    except KeyError:
        pass

    return signing_policy


def create_certificate(path=None, text=False, overwrite=True, ca_server=None, **kwargs):
    """
    Create an X509 certificate.

    path:
        Path to write the certificate to.

    text:
        If ``True``, return the PEM text without writing to a file.
        Default ``False``.

    overwrite:
        If ``True`` (default), create_certificate will overwrite the entire PEM
        file. Set False to preserve existing private keys and dh params that
        may exist in the PEM file.

    kwargs:
        Any of the properties below can be included as additional
        keyword arguments.

    ca_server:
        Request a remotely signed certificate from ca_server. For this to
        work, a ``signing_policy`` must be specified, and that same policy
        must be configured on the ca_server. See ``signing_policy`` for
        details. Also, the salt master must permit peers to call the
        ``sign_remote_certificate`` function.

        Example:

        /etc/salt/master.d/peer.conf

        .. code-block:: yaml

            peer:
              .*:
                - x509.sign_remote_certificate

    subject properties:
        Any of the values below can be included to set subject properties
        Any other subject properties supported by OpenSSL should also work.

        C:
            2 letter Country code
        CN:
            Certificate common name, typically the FQDN.

        Email:
            Email address

        GN:
            Given Name

        L:
            Locality

        O:
            Organization

        OU:
            Organization Unit

        SN:
            SurName

        ST:
            State or Province

    signing_private_key:
        A path or string of the private key in PEM format that will be used
        to sign this certificate. If neither ``signing_cert``, ``public_key``,
        or ``csr`` are included, it will be assumed that this is a self-signed
        certificate, and the public key matching ``signing_private_key`` will
        be used to create the certificate.

    signing_private_key_passphrase:
        Passphrase used to decrypt the signing_private_key.

    signing_cert:
        A certificate matching the private key that will be used to sign this
        certificate. This is used to populate the issuer values in the
        resulting certificate. Do not include this value for
        self-signed certificates.

    public_key:
        The public key to be included in this certificate. This can be sourced
        from a public key, certificate, CSR or private key. If a private key
        is used, the matching public key from the private key will be
        generated before any processing is done. This means you can request a
        certificate from a remote CA using a private key file as your
        public_key and only the public key will be sent across the network to
        the CA. If neither ``public_key`` or ``csr`` are specified, it will be
        assumed that this is a self-signed certificate, and the public key
        derived from ``signing_private_key`` will be used. Specify either
        ``public_key`` or ``csr``, not both. Because you can input a CSR as a
        public key or as a CSR, it is important to understand the difference.
        If you import a CSR as a public key, only the public key will be added
        to the certificate, subject or extension information in the CSR will
        be lost.

    public_key_passphrase:
        If the public key is supplied as a private key, this is the passphrase
        used to decrypt it.

    csr:
        A file or PEM string containing a certificate signing request. This
        will be used to supply the subject, extensions and public key of a
        certificate. Any subject or extensions specified explicitly will
        overwrite any in the CSR.

    basicConstraints:
        X509v3 Basic Constraints extension.

    extensions:
        The following arguments set X509v3 Extension values. If the value
        starts with ``critical``, the extension will be marked as critical.

        Some special extensions are ``subjectKeyIdentifier`` and
        ``authorityKeyIdentifier``.

        ``subjectKeyIdentifier`` can be an explicit value or it can be the
        special string ``hash``. ``hash`` will set the subjectKeyIdentifier
        equal to the SHA1 hash of the modulus of the public key in this
        certificate. Note that this is not the exact same hashing method used
        by OpenSSL when using the hash value.

        ``authorityKeyIdentifier`` Use values acceptable to the openssl CLI
        tools. This will automatically populate ``authorityKeyIdentifier``
        with the ``subjectKeyIdentifier`` of ``signing_cert``. If this is a
        self-signed cert these values will be the same.

        basicConstraints:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints

        keyUsage:
            X509v3 Key Usage

        extendedKeyUsage:
            X509v3 Extended Key Usage

        subjectKeyIdentifier:
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier

        issuerAltName:
            X509v3 Issuer Alternative Name

        subjectAltName:
            X509v3 Subject Alternative Name

        crlDistributionPoints:
            X509v3 CRL Distribution Points

        issuingDistributionPoint:
            X509v3 Issuing Distribution Point

        certificatePolicies:
            X509v3 Certificate Policies

        policyConstraints:
            X509v3 Policy Constraints

        inhibitAnyPolicy:
            X509v3 Inhibit Any Policy

        nameConstraints:
            X509v3 Name Constraints

        noCheck:
            X509v3 OCSP No Check

        nsComment:
            Netscape Comment

        nsCertType:
            Netscape Certificate Type

    days_valid:
        The number of days this certificate should be valid. This sets the
        ``notAfter`` property of the certificate. Defaults to 365.

    version:
        The version of the X509 certificate. Defaults to 3. This is
        automatically converted to the version value, so ``version=3``
        sets the certificate version field to 0x2.

    serial_number:
        The serial number to assign to this certificate. If omitted a random
        serial number of size ``serial_bits`` is generated.

    serial_bits:
        The number of bits to use when randomly generating a serial number.
        Defaults to 64.

    algorithm:
        The hashing algorithm to be used for signing this certificate.
        Defaults to sha256.

    copypath:
        An additional path to copy the resulting certificate to. Can be used
        to maintain a copy of all certificates issued for revocation purposes.

    prepend_cn:
        If set to True, the CN and a dash will be prepended to the copypath's filename.

        Example:
            /etc/pki/issued_certs/www.example.com-DE:CA:FB:AD:00:00:00:00.crt

    signing_policy:
        A signing policy that should be used to create this certificate.
        Signing policies should be defined in the minion configuration, or in
        a minion pillar. It should be a YAML formatted list of arguments
        which will override any arguments passed to this function. If the
        ``minions`` key is included in the signing policy, only minions
        matching that pattern (see match.glob and match.compound) will be
        permitted to remotely request certificates from that policy.
        In order to ``match.compound`` to work salt master must peers permit
        peers to call it.

        Example:

        /etc/salt/master.d/peer.conf

        .. code-block:: yaml

            peer:
              .*:
                - match.compound


        Example:

        .. code-block:: yaml

            x509_signing_policies:
              www:
                - minions: 'www*'
                - signing_private_key: /etc/pki/ca.key
                - signing_cert: /etc/pki/ca.crt
                - C: US
                - ST: Utah
                - L: Salt Lake City
                - basicConstraints: "critical CA:false"
                - keyUsage: "critical cRLSign, keyCertSign"
                - subjectKeyIdentifier: hash
                - authorityKeyIdentifier: keyid,issuer:always
                - days_valid: 90
                - copypath: /etc/pki/issued_certs/

        The above signing policy can be invoked with ``signing_policy=www``

    not_before:
        Initial validity date for the certificate. This date must be specified
        in the format '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'.

        .. versionadded:: 3001

    not_after:
        Final validity date for the certificate. This date must be specified in
        the format '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'.

        .. versionadded:: 3001

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.create_certificate path=/etc/pki/myca.crt signing_private_key='/etc/pki/myca.key' csr='/etc/pki/myca.csr'}
    """

    if (
        not path
        and not text
        and ("testrun" not in kwargs or kwargs["testrun"] is False)
    ):
        raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError(
            "Either path or text must be specified."
        )
    if path and text:
        raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError(
            "Either path or text must be specified, not both."
        )

    if "public_key_passphrase" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["public_key_passphrase"] = None
    if ca_server:
        if "signing_policy" not in kwargs:
            raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError(
                "signing_policy must be specified"
                "if requesting remote certificate from ca_server {}.".format(ca_server)
            )
        if "csr" in kwargs:
            kwargs["csr"] = salt.utils.stringutils.to_str(
                get_pem_entry(kwargs["csr"], pem_type="CERTIFICATE REQUEST")
            ).replace("\n", "")
        if "public_key" in kwargs:
            # Strip newlines to make passing through as cli functions easier
            kwargs["public_key"] = salt.utils.stringutils.to_str(
                get_public_key(
                    kwargs["public_key"], passphrase=kwargs["public_key_passphrase"]
                )
            ).replace("\n", "")

        # Remove system entries in kwargs
        # Including listen_in and prerequired because they are not included
        # in STATE_INTERNAL_KEYWORDS
        # for salt 2014.7.2
        for ignore in list(_STATE_INTERNAL_KEYWORDS) + [
            "listen_in",
            "prerequired",
            "__prerequired__",
        ]:
            kwargs.pop(ignore, None)
        # TODO: Make timeout configurable in 3000
        certs = __salt__["publish.publish"](
            tgt=ca_server,
            fun="x509.sign_remote_certificate",
            arg=salt.utils.data.decode_dict(kwargs, to_str=True),
            timeout=30,
        )

        if not any(certs):
            raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError(
                "ca_server did not respond"
                " salt master must permit peers to"
                " call the sign_remote_certificate function."
            )

        cert_txt = certs[ca_server]
        if isinstance(cert_txt, str):
            if not _valid_pem(cert_txt, "CERTIFICATE"):
                raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError(cert_txt)

        if path:
            return write_pem(
                text=cert_txt, overwrite=overwrite, path=path, pem_type="CERTIFICATE"
            )
        else:
            return cert_txt

    signing_policy = {}
    if "signing_policy" in kwargs:
        signing_policy = _get_signing_policy(kwargs["signing_policy"])
        if isinstance(signing_policy, list):
            dict_ = {}
            for item in signing_policy:
                dict_.update(item)
            signing_policy = dict_

    # Overwrite any arguments in kwargs with signing_policy
    kwargs.update(signing_policy)

    for prop, default in CERT_DEFAULTS.items():
        if prop not in kwargs:
            kwargs[prop] = default

    cert = M2Crypto.X509.X509()

    # X509 Version 3 has a value of 2 in the field.
    # Version 2 has a value of 1.
    # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.1
    cert.set_version(kwargs["version"] - 1)

    # Random serial number if not specified
    if "serial_number" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["serial_number"] = _dec2hex(random.getrandbits(kwargs["serial_bits"]))
    serial_number = int(kwargs["serial_number"].replace(":", ""), 16)
    # With Python3 we occasionally end up with an INT that is greater than a C
    # long max_value. This causes an overflow error due to a bug in M2Crypto.
    # See issue: https://gitlab.com/m2crypto/m2crypto/issues/232
    # Remove this after M2Crypto fixes the bug.
    if salt.utils.platform.is_windows():
        INT_MAX = 2147483647
        if serial_number >= INT_MAX:
            serial_number -= int(serial_number / INT_MAX) * INT_MAX
    else:
        if serial_number >= sys.maxsize:
            serial_number -= int(serial_number / sys.maxsize) * sys.maxsize
    cert.set_serial_number(serial_number)

    # Handle not_before and not_after dates for custom certificate validity
    fmt = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
    if "not_before" in kwargs:
        try:
            time = datetime.datetime.strptime(kwargs["not_before"], fmt)
        except:
            raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError(
                "not_before: {} is not in required format {}".format(
                    kwargs["not_before"], fmt
                )
            )

        # If we do not set an explicit timezone to this naive datetime object,
        # the M2Crypto code will assume it is from the local machine timezone
        # and will try to adjust the time shift.
        time = time.replace(tzinfo=M2Crypto.ASN1.UTC)
        asn1_not_before = M2Crypto.ASN1.ASN1_UTCTIME()
        asn1_not_before.set_datetime(time)
        cert.set_not_before(asn1_not_before)

    if "not_after" in kwargs:
        try:
            time = datetime.datetime.strptime(kwargs["not_after"], fmt)
        except:
            raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError(
                "not_after: {} is not in required format {}".format(
                    kwargs["not_after"], fmt
                )
            )

        # Forcing the datetime to have an explicit tzinfo here as well.
        time = time.replace(tzinfo=M2Crypto.ASN1.UTC)
        asn1_not_after = M2Crypto.ASN1.ASN1_UTCTIME()
        asn1_not_after.set_datetime(time)
        cert.set_not_after(asn1_not_after)

    # Set validity dates

    # if no 'not_before' or 'not_after' dates are setup, both of the following
    # dates will be the date of today. then the days_valid offset makes sense.

    not_before = M2Crypto.m2.x509_get_not_before(cert.x509)
    not_after = M2Crypto.m2.x509_get_not_after(cert.x509)

    # Only process the dynamic dates if start and end are not specified.
    if "not_before" not in kwargs:
        M2Crypto.m2.x509_gmtime_adj(not_before, 0)
    if "not_after" not in kwargs:
        valid_seconds = 60 * 60 * 24 * kwargs["days_valid"]  # 60s * 60m * 24 * days
        M2Crypto.m2.x509_gmtime_adj(not_after, valid_seconds)

    # If neither public_key or csr are included, this cert is self-signed
    if "public_key" not in kwargs and "csr" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["public_key"] = kwargs["signing_private_key"]
        if "signing_private_key_passphrase" in kwargs:
            kwargs["public_key_passphrase"] = kwargs["signing_private_key_passphrase"]

    csrexts = {}
    if "csr" in kwargs:
        kwargs["public_key"] = kwargs["csr"]
        csr = _get_request_obj(kwargs["csr"])
        cert.set_subject(csr.get_subject())
        csrexts = read_csr(kwargs["csr"])["X509v3 Extensions"]

    cert.set_pubkey(
        get_public_key(
            kwargs["public_key"], passphrase=kwargs["public_key_passphrase"], asObj=True
        )
    )

    subject = cert.get_subject()

    for entry in sorted(subject.nid):
        if entry in kwargs:
            setattr(subject, entry, kwargs[entry])

    if "signing_cert" in kwargs:
        signing_cert = _get_certificate_obj(kwargs["signing_cert"])
    else:
        signing_cert = cert
    cert.set_issuer(signing_cert.get_subject())

    for extname, extlongname in EXT_NAME_MAPPINGS.items():
        if (
            extname in kwargs
            or extlongname in kwargs
            or extname in csrexts
            or extlongname in csrexts
        ) is False:
            continue

        # Use explicitly set values first, fall back to CSR values.
        extval = (
            kwargs.get(extname)
            or kwargs.get(extlongname)
            or csrexts.get(extname)
            or csrexts.get(extlongname)
        )

        critical = False
        if extval.startswith("critical "):
            critical = True
            extval = extval[9:]

        if extname == "subjectKeyIdentifier" and "hash" in extval:
            extval = extval.replace("hash", _get_pubkey_hash(cert))

        issuer = None
        if extname == "authorityKeyIdentifier":
            issuer = signing_cert

        if extname == "subjectAltName":
            extval = extval.replace("IP Address", "IP")

        ext = _new_extension(
            name=extname, value=extval, critical=critical, issuer=issuer
        )
        if not ext.x509_ext:
            log.info("Invalid X509v3 Extension. %s: %s", extname, extval)
            continue

        cert.add_ext(ext)

    if "signing_private_key_passphrase" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["signing_private_key_passphrase"] = None

    if not verify_private_key(
        private_key=kwargs["signing_private_key"],
        passphrase=kwargs["signing_private_key_passphrase"],
        public_key=signing_cert,
    ):
        raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError(
            "signing_private_key: {} does no match signing_cert: {}".format(
                kwargs["signing_private_key"], kwargs.get("signing_cert", "")
            )
        )

    cert.sign(
        _get_private_key_obj(
            kwargs["signing_private_key"],
            passphrase=kwargs["signing_private_key_passphrase"],
        ),
        kwargs["algorithm"],
    )

    if not verify_signature(cert, signing_pub_key=signing_cert):
        raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError(
            "failed to verify certificate signature"
        )

    if "testrun" in kwargs and kwargs["testrun"] is True:
        cert_props = read_certificate(cert)
        cert_props["Issuer Public Key"] = get_public_key(
            kwargs["signing_private_key"],
            passphrase=kwargs["signing_private_key_passphrase"],
        )
        return cert_props

    if "copypath" in kwargs:
        if "prepend_cn" in kwargs and kwargs["prepend_cn"] is True:
            prepend = str(kwargs["CN"]) + "-"
        else:
            prepend = ""
        write_pem(
            text=cert.as_pem(),
            path=os.path.join(
                kwargs["copypath"], prepend + kwargs["serial_number"] + ".crt"
            ),
            pem_type="CERTIFICATE",
        )

    if path:
        return write_pem(
            text=cert.as_pem(), overwrite=overwrite, path=path, pem_type="CERTIFICATE"
        )
    else:
        return salt.utils.stringutils.to_str(cert.as_pem())


def create_csr(path=None, text=False, **kwargs):
    """
    Create a certificate signing request.

    path:
        Path to write the certificate to.

    text:
        If ``True``, return the PEM text without writing to a file.
        Default ``False``.

    algorithm:
        The hashing algorithm to be used for signing this request. Defaults to sha256.

    kwargs:
        The subject, extension and version arguments from
        :mod:`x509.create_certificate <salt.modules.x509.create_certificate>`
        can be used.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.create_csr path=/etc/pki/myca.csr public_key='/etc/pki/myca.key' CN='My Cert'
    """

    if not path and not text:
        raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError(
            "Either path or text must be specified."
        )
    if path and text:
        raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError(
            "Either path or text must be specified, not both."
        )

    csr = M2Crypto.X509.Request()
    subject = csr.get_subject()

    for prop, default in CERT_DEFAULTS.items():
        if prop not in kwargs:
            kwargs[prop] = default

    csr.set_version(kwargs["version"] - 1)

    if "private_key" not in kwargs and "public_key" in kwargs:
        kwargs["private_key"] = kwargs["public_key"]
        log.warning(
            "OpenSSL no longer allows working with non-signed CSRs. "
            "A private_key must be specified. Attempting to use public_key "
            "as private_key"
        )

    if "private_key" not in kwargs:
        raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError("private_key is required")

    if "public_key" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["public_key"] = kwargs["private_key"]

    if "private_key_passphrase" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["private_key_passphrase"] = None
    if "public_key_passphrase" not in kwargs:
        kwargs["public_key_passphrase"] = None
    if kwargs["public_key_passphrase"] and not kwargs["private_key_passphrase"]:
        kwargs["private_key_passphrase"] = kwargs["public_key_passphrase"]
    if kwargs["private_key_passphrase"] and not kwargs["public_key_passphrase"]:
        kwargs["public_key_passphrase"] = kwargs["private_key_passphrase"]

    csr.set_pubkey(
        get_public_key(
            kwargs["public_key"], passphrase=kwargs["public_key_passphrase"], asObj=True
        )
    )

    for entry in sorted(subject.nid):
        if entry in kwargs:
            setattr(subject, entry, kwargs[entry])

    extstack = M2Crypto.X509.X509_Extension_Stack()
    for extname, extlongname in EXT_NAME_MAPPINGS.items():
        if extname not in kwargs and extlongname not in kwargs:
            continue

        extval = kwargs[extname] or kwargs[extlongname]

        critical = False
        if extval.startswith("critical "):
            critical = True
            extval = extval[9:]

        if extname == "subjectKeyIdentifier" and "hash" in extval:
            extval = extval.replace("hash", _get_pubkey_hash(csr))

        if extname == "subjectAltName":
            extval = extval.replace("IP Address", "IP")

        if extname == "authorityKeyIdentifier":
            continue

        issuer = None
        ext = _new_extension(
            name=extname, value=extval, critical=critical, issuer=issuer
        )
        if not ext.x509_ext:
            log.info("Invalid X509v3 Extension. %s: %s", extname, extval)
            continue

        extstack.push(ext)

    csr.add_extensions(extstack)

    csr.sign(
        _get_private_key_obj(
            kwargs["private_key"], passphrase=kwargs["private_key_passphrase"]
        ),
        kwargs["algorithm"],
    )

    if path:
        return write_pem(text=csr.as_pem(), path=path, pem_type="CERTIFICATE REQUEST")
    else:
        return csr.as_pem()


def verify_private_key(private_key, public_key, passphrase=None):
    """
    Verify that 'private_key' matches 'public_key'

    private_key:
        The private key to verify, can be a string or path to a private
        key in PEM format.

    public_key:
        The public key to verify, can be a string or path to a PEM formatted
        certificate, CSR, or another private key.

    passphrase:
        Passphrase to decrypt the private key.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.verify_private_key private_key=/etc/pki/myca.key \\
                public_key=/etc/pki/myca.crt
    """
    return bool(get_public_key(private_key, passphrase) == get_public_key(public_key))


def verify_signature(
    certificate, signing_pub_key=None, signing_pub_key_passphrase=None
):
    """
    Verify that ``certificate`` has been signed by ``signing_pub_key``

    certificate:
        The certificate to verify. Can be a path or string containing a
        PEM formatted certificate.

    signing_pub_key:
        The public key to verify, can be a string or path to a PEM formatted
        certificate, CSR, or private key.

    signing_pub_key_passphrase:
        Passphrase to the signing_pub_key if it is an encrypted private key.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.verify_signature /etc/pki/mycert.pem \\
                signing_pub_key=/etc/pki/myca.crt
    """
    cert = _get_certificate_obj(certificate)

    if signing_pub_key:
        signing_pub_key = get_public_key(
            signing_pub_key, passphrase=signing_pub_key_passphrase, asObj=True
        )

    return bool(cert.verify(pkey=signing_pub_key) == 1)


def verify_crl(crl, cert):
    """
    Validate a CRL against a certificate.
    Parses openssl command line output, this is a workaround for M2Crypto's
    inability to get them from CSR objects.

    crl:
        The CRL to verify

    cert:
        The certificate to verify the CRL against

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.verify_crl crl=/etc/pki/myca.crl cert=/etc/pki/myca.crt
    """
    if not salt.utils.path.which("openssl"):
        raise salt.exceptions.SaltInvocationError("openssl binary not found in path")
    crltext = _text_or_file(crl)
    crltext = get_pem_entry(crltext, pem_type="X509 CRL")
    crltempfile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=True)
    crltempfile.write(salt.utils.stringutils.to_bytes(crltext, encoding="ascii"))
    crltempfile.flush()

    certtext = _text_or_file(cert)
    certtext = get_pem_entry(certtext, pem_type="CERTIFICATE")
    certtempfile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=True)
    certtempfile.write(salt.utils.stringutils.to_bytes(certtext, encoding="ascii"))
    certtempfile.flush()

    cmd = "openssl crl -noout -in {} -CAfile {}".format(
        crltempfile.name, certtempfile.name
    )

    output = __salt__["cmd.run_stderr"](cmd)

    crltempfile.close()
    certtempfile.close()

    if "verify OK" in output:
        return True
    else:
        return False


def expired(certificate):
    """
    Returns a dict containing limited details of a
    certificate and whether the certificate has expired.

    .. versionadded:: 2016.11.0

    certificate:
        The certificate to be read. Can be a path to a certificate file,
        or a string containing the PEM formatted text of the certificate.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.expired "/etc/pki/mycert.crt"
    """
    ret = {}

    if os.path.isfile(certificate):
        try:
            ret["path"] = certificate
            cert = _get_certificate_obj(certificate)

            _now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
            _expiration_date = cert.get_not_after().get_datetime()

            ret["cn"] = _parse_subject(cert.get_subject())["CN"]

            if _expiration_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") <= _now.strftime(
                "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
            ):
                ret["expired"] = True
            else:
                ret["expired"] = False
        except ValueError:
            pass

    return ret


def will_expire(certificate, days):
    """
    Returns a dict containing details of a certificate and whether
    the certificate will expire in the specified number of days.
    Input can be a PEM string or file path.

    .. versionadded:: 2016.11.0

    certificate:
        The certificate to be read. Can be a path to a certificate file,
        or a string containing the PEM formatted text of the certificate.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' x509.will_expire "/etc/pki/mycert.crt" days=30
    """
    ret = {}

    if os.path.isfile(certificate):
        try:
            ret["path"] = certificate
            ret["check_days"] = days

            cert = _get_certificate_obj(certificate)

            _check_time = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=days)
            _expiration_date = cert.get_not_after().get_datetime()

            ret["cn"] = _parse_subject(cert.get_subject())["CN"]

            if _expiration_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") <= _check_time.strftime(
                "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
            ):
                ret["will_expire"] = True
            else:
                ret["will_expire"] = False
        except ValueError:
            pass

    return ret
